動詞骨架:S + Vi 不及物 × S + Vt + O 及物

word 詞性 中文詞義
🔊 朗讀語速調節

🎯 單元核心思維:動作是否需要「受詞承接」?

英文動詞分成兩大陣營:自己一個人就能把話說完的「不及物動詞 (Vi)」,以及後面必須拉著一個對象(受詞)語意才完整的「及物動詞 (Vt)」。搞懂這兩者的骨架,英文句子結構再也不會寫錯!

課本情境破題 (p.16)
Teacher Chloe, why are you crying?
(Chloe,你為什麼在哭?)
Chloe I lost my smartphone.
(我弄丟了我的智慧型手機。)
💡 語意完整度深度解析:
1. cry (哭泣):動作本身意思就很完整,不需要受詞,屬於不及物動詞 (Vi)
2. lose (遺失):如果只說 "I lost." 別人會滿頭問號「你掉了什麼?」,後面必須接「遺失的東西 (my smartphone)」作受詞,屬於及物動詞 (Vt)
🟣 1. 不及物動詞 (S + Vi)
S + Vi Vi 本身語意完整,後面「不需接受詞」。
① 動詞自給自足,無須對象即可成句
The little girl smiled.
小女孩微笑了。
主詞 (S): The little girl 不及物動詞 (Vi): smiled
Don't worry.
別擔心。(課本例句 p.17)
It rained yesterday.
昨天天天下雨了。
② 不及物動詞接對象加介系詞 (S + Vi + prep. + O)
The little girl smiled at me.
小女孩對著我微笑。
The Earth moves around the Sun.
地球繞著太陽運轉。
🔵 2. 及物動詞 (S + Vt + O)
S + Vt + O Vt 動作貫穿至對象,後面「必須接名詞/子句受詞」。
① 接名詞/代名詞作受詞
Chloe lost her smartphone.
Chloe 弄丟了她的智慧型手機。
S: Chloe Vt: lost 受詞 (O): her smartphone
Meg likes lions.
Meg 喜歡獅子。
Don't touch the plate!
別碰盤子!
② 接 that 名詞子句作受詞
Kevin thinks (that) English is useful.
Kevin 認為英文很有用。
We believe that you will have a bright future.
我們相信你會有光明的未來。(課本例句 p.17)
☕ 3. 課本語篇篇章實戰:Chloe 的週末行程

在下文中,紫底為不及物動詞 (Vi),藍底為及物動詞 (Vt)

Chloe is 17. She works in a coffee shop every weekend. In the morning, she gets up at 8:00 and eats breakfast at 8:30. She leaves her house at 9:00 and walks to the train station. She takes the 9:20 train and arrives at the coffee shop at about 9:50. Chloe works for eight hours, usually from 10:00 in the morning to 6:00 in the evening. She usually gets home at about 7:00 in the evening. At home, she watches TV or reads a book. She always goes to bed by 11:30 p.m.
動詞種類 課本出現動詞 結構剖析與理由
及物動詞 (Vt) eats, takes, reads, leaves, watches 後面緊接名詞受詞:eats breakfast、takes the train、reads a book
不及物動詞 (Vi) works, arrives, goes, walks, sleeps 後無受詞,或接介系詞片語:works in a shop、arrives at the shop、goes to bed
⚠️ 統測最常考:四組易混淆及物與不及物動詞
核心概念 及物動詞 (Vt + O) 不及物動詞 (Vi + prep. + O)
see / watch + O
I saw a movie.
look + at + O
Look at the paintings!
hear + O
Did you hear the bell?
listen + to + O
Listen to your teacher.
說 / 談 tell + 人 + 事 / say + 事
Tracy told me a joke.
talk / speak + to / with + 人
Talk to your parents.
到達 reach + O
We reached Taipei at noon.
arrive + at / in + O
We arrived at the station.

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